Treatment of swallowing disorders varies depending on the underlying diagnosis. In many patients, swallowing therapy is applied for rehabilitative purposes. In certain conditions causing dysphagia, medication or surgical treatment may also be required.
Medication
- In patients with swallowing difficulties related to reflux disease, medications are used to reduce stomach acid.
- Reflux treatment varies from person to person and usually lasts 2 to 6 months.
- Additionally, dietary modifications and some lifestyle changes are recommended. (See “Laryngopharyngeal Reflux” for more details)
Botulinum Toxin (Botox) Therapy
- For upper esophageal sphincter spasm, Botox can be injected into the affected muscles under EMG guidance.
- This is a localized, short, and painless procedure.
- The effect of Botox is temporary (usually 3 to 6 months), but in some patients, a single dose may lead to long-term or even permanent improvement in swallowing difficulties.
Esophageal Dilation
- For upper esophageal sphincter narrowing, dilation can be performed using a balloon inserted through the mouth.
Zenker’s Diverticulum Treatment
- Zenker’s diverticulum is a pouch that forms in the esophagus.
- It is most commonly seen in men in their 40s.
- Once diagnosed in patients presenting with swallowing difficulties, treatment is surgical.
- Surgical approaches include cervical diverticulectomy and cricopharyngeal myotomy.
- Another method is an endoscopic surgery performed orally using a stapler.