A vocal cord cyst is a well-defined, fluid-filled lesion located beneath the mucosal covering of the vocal cords. The contents may consist of a thin, transparent mucus or a thicker, yellowish keratin material.
Where Do Vocal Cord Cysts Occur?
Cysts may be located just beneath the surface of the vocal cord or deeper within its layers. They are most commonly found in the middle one-third, the area of maximal vibration. Individuals who neglect vocal hygiene are more prone to developing cysts.
Vocal cord cysts are benign and do not transform into cancer. However, to distinguish them from other vocal cord pathologies such as nodules or polyps, a laryngostroboscopic examination is recommended. Sometimes cysts may not be visible during the initial examination due to vocal cord swelling (edema), but they can become detectable after the swelling subsides.
Treatment of Vocal Cord Cysts
Medications are not effective in the treatment of vocal cord cysts. Voice rest may temporarily reduce inflammation around the cyst and provide some relief, but it does not resolve the condition.
The definitive treatment is again microsurgery of the vocal cords (phonomicrosurgery). During this procedure, performed under a microscope, the cyst is completely removed while preserving the healthy tissue. Postoperative voice therapy plays an important role in reducing the risk of recurrence.