Vocal cord nodules are small, benign (non-cancerous) swellings that typically occur on both vocal cords at the point where they make contact. These lesions are often seen in people who use their voices excessively or improperly. They are more common in young women and boys. Their frequency is higher among those who use their voice professionally, such as teachers, singers, broadcasters, actors, call center employees, and religious officials, compared to other occupational groups.
What problems do vocal cord nodules cause?
Vocal cord nodules are one of the conditions singers fear most. However, not every nodule is something to worry about. Some nodules do not affect the voice and may be discovered incidentally. In fact, some famous singers have built their careers on the unique vocal quality produced by nodules, and such nodules should not be touched.
Most of the time, however, nodules disrupt the symmetrical vibration of the vocal cords during voice production, leading to hoarseness. Loss of both lower and higher vocal ranges may occur. Patients often complain about a reduction in the ability to sing high notes, loss of vocal flexibility, and a rougher tone. In addition, people with nodules may experience air leakage during speaking or singing. This leads to fatigue and pain in the front of the neck after prolonged voice use. The voice is typically hoarse, rough, breathy, or raspy.
How are vocal cord nodules treated?
The best treatment for vocal cord nodules is the combination of vocal hygiene and voice therapy. Harmful voice habits, such as shouting or speaking excessively in noisy environments, should be avoided. Smoking should be stopped, exposure to cigarette smoke should be minimized, and daily water intake should be increased. Voice therapy teaches proper vocal techniques that allow the voice to be used without strain.
For most nodules, voice therapy alone is sufficient. However, if nodules do not improve with therapy, surgical treatment may be necessary. This procedure, called microlaryngeal surgery, is performed under a microscope and specifically targets the removal of nodules.